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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a fan of coffee, you likely already know that different beans have different flavor profiles. Find out about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, tarter flavor profile and are often used in coffee blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world with 75% of global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta. They also come in different flavour profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee is affected by the conditions under which it is grown and the methods of processing used.

The word 'coffee' actually derives from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating these fruit, and the cultivation of coffee quickly spread across the world.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes, and thrive with cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons why Arabica is considered to be the most delicious coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops concentrate on the ethical source of their arabica beans, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees that can be used in many methods of brewing. Blending is a way to control the flavour, aroma as well as body and acidity of the coffee and is usually preferred to achieve an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most popular type of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids which are antioxidants that naturally occur. These acids can cause oxidation in the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more economically viable crop to cultivate.

Although it may sound contradictory it's true that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to make coffee blends. If you've noticed the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a bag of coffee it's likely there's a bit of robusta too.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans in order to cut costs and ensure quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you should select the highest quality beans from a reliable source. This can be done by purchasing the beans directly from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped and are therefore distinct from other varieties of coffee beans. They have a unique aroma that is fruity and floral with smokey undertones. They are paired with other types of coffee Beans Types beans to provide them with a more rich and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can be grown at low altitudes and tolerate hot, humid climates. They also have a much more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. You can purchase the seeds from various sources. However, it's best to buy the beans from local producers in order to guarantee quality. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils, with moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different variety of coffee bean. It was once classified as a separate species, but has been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are oval-shaped and are found on large coffee plants, which can grow to 20-30 feet in height at medium roast coffee beans altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is tart and sour, making them a popular choice for blends in the home. They are also less pronounced in scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta, but still have a distinct taste.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta even though they are the fourth most popular. They were actually thought to be distinct species of coffee until 2006, when they were reclassified to become a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. These days, they're mostly grown in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and carry an eerie, dark taste. These beans are often used to give blends additional body and a rich, tart taste of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical and warm climates and high altitudes. They have a slight acidity. When roasted and brewed correctly they may have notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most popular coffee in the world and is responsible for around 40% of the coffee consumed around the world. Robusta beans are smaller and rounder however, they contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two types of coffee beans and have an earthy, woody taste.

After you've learned about the four most commonly used types you can now choose your favorite brew. If you prefer smooth and delicate flavors go for an arabica bean or a blend comprised of robusta beans and arabica beans.